Beneficial and Dentrimental Effects of High Fat Diet

Question: Discuss about the Beneficial and Dentrimental Effects of High Fat Diet. Answer: Introduction: Fat diet and lipids have both protective and detrimental effects on human pathology by altering the intestinal microbiota composition and the subsequent host inflammatory responses especially inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and colorectal cancer. Starting with the protective aspects of fat and lipids, they serve as energy stores that are vital in fueling the essential body functions including heart beat and breathing; particularly when people go for a long time without food. Generally, fats yield 9 kilocalories per gram; which is the highest compared to other macronutrients and even alcohol. For that reason, fats have a high satiety level; thereby preventing frequent consumption and subsequent undesirable conditions such as obesity and hypercholesterolemia (Anderson et al., 2009, pp. 188). Another aspect of protection from fats comes in the form of essential fatty acids. An example is omega-3 fatty acids whose role in maintaining proper functioning of the brain is unparalleled. Essential fatty acids have been associated with a reduction in inflammation in the body and a reduced risk of heart related conditions, cancer and even arthritis. Adequate fat intake also plays a critical role in absorption transportation and storage of fats soluble vitamins in the body. If one happens to consume more that recommended RDAs of various fat soluble vitamins, the excess will be processed, transported and stores in the liver and tissues for use at a later date; when intake is compromised. As such, it is safe to say that fats indirectly help to maintain the integrity of vision, reproductive health, blood clotting and maintenance of the immune system (Shen, Gaskins and McIntosh, 2014, pp. 271). Despite the tremendous benefits of fats and oils in our bodies, excess intake has been associated with a number of detrimental chronic conditions. Overweight and obesity take centre stage among the many conditions that emanate from excess fat intake. Overweight or obese persons are likely to develop a myriad of other conditions including type II diabetes, slow action of insulin (Yan et al., 2013, pp. 2), stroke, coronary heart disease (Mozaffarian and Ludwig, 2015, pp. 2423), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cancer (Huang et al., 2013, pp. 746-750). Moderation of fats and oils in the diet and regular physical activity are central to maintaining desirable weight. Dietary adjustments such as up-regulating the amount dietary fiber have been implicated in reduced prevalence of metabolic syndrome and obese-related conditions. Regrettably, consumption of high fiber diet has been on the decline in the western nations necessitating an informed inquiry into the matter. One of the reasons that have been cited is that fiber constitutes a complex group of substances. Finding the most suitable sources of fiber with the most desirable effects and unmasking the mechanisms of fiber in thwarting obesity and associated conditions are paramount in fostering increased consumption (Mozaffarian and Ludwig, 2015, pp. 2422). Short Chain Fatty Acids The microbiota found in the gastrointestinal tract influences health through various mechanisms. A mounting body of evidence acknowledges that bacterial metabolites pose a significant effect on the physiology of the host organism. Short chain fatty acids, products of the gut microbiota, are known for their volatility (Ros-Covin et al., 2016, pp. 3). The microbiota that yields SCFAs is found in the large bowel. It is a part of the GIT that allows fermentation of products that pass the small intestines unabsorbed or undigested. The defining characteristic of SCFAs is their dismal of carbons (less than six) that arranged in a straight and branched bonding (Suzuki, Yoshida and Hara, 2008, pp. 298). It is commonly recognized that soluble fiber has a significant improvement on the blood sugar levels and corresponding insulin action. Diabetics and hypercholesterolemia patients gain more from high fiber diet. Moderate to high fiber diets are associated with high satiety levels because of their slowed digestibility; this discourages frequent consumption, there by regulating the blood sugar. The mechanism of cholesterol regulation by way of high fiber intake occurs through entrapment of bile acids as well as a reduction of motility in the posterior section of the intestinal tract (Jakobsdottir et al., 2013). A substitute and increasingly propositioned mechanism, so far not extensively studied, may be alterations of SCFAs established in the colon as well as the changes in composition of the gut microbiota. SCFAs have been proven to promote various health benefits including a reduction of the inflammatory state, increase in insulin sensitivity and high satiety levels. Amounts and patterns of SCFAs vary depending on the type of fiber consumed. The common patterns of SCFAs are acetic, propionic and butyric acids. The major constituent of acetic acid is pectin while guar gum produces propionic acid. Butyric is constituted of fructo-oligosaccharides, b-glucan and various kinds of starch and blends of dietary fibers. Studies have also established that composition of the microbiota, nature of glycosidic bonding and the travel time through the GIT can also affect the configuration of SCFAs (Yan et al., 2013, pp. 1-2). The aforementioned types of SCFAs have been known to elicit varying physiological effects. Butyric acid constitutes a major source of energy for the epithelial cells lining the colonic walls. It plays a critical role as an inhibitory factor of in vitro flourishing metastatic cancerous cells. Cancer patients who present with inflammatory bowel disease generally have lower levels of butyrate metabolism as well its uptake compared to their counterpart controls. In addition, some SCFAs, particularly high levels of propionic acid, have an inverse reduction in the amount of cholesterol in circulation as well as positive effect on glucose and lipid breakdown. Butyric acid has also been implicated in the lipid metabolism by way of regulation and slowing down fat transit from the small intestine (Fava et al., 2013, pp. 4-5). Acetic has been implicated in negative metabolic activities and side effects. It is one of the principal substrates for synthesis of cholesterol which primarily occurs in the liver via acetylCoA. The configuration of SCFAs created each time is influenced by various dietary factors as well as metabolic state of the body cells; the control measure cannot circulate around control food intake (Qin et al., 2012, pp. 2) A change in metabolism forms the basis of metabolic syndrome. Supporting components of metabolic syndrome include excessive weight gain (Qin et al., 2012, pp. 1), high blood pressure (Fava et al., 2013, pp. 5) and high levels of fasting blood glucose (Yan et al., 2013, pp. 2). Modulation of dietary intake can be instrumental preferential nourishment of good microbiota over pathogenic ones. This can be a good beginning for supporting desirable mucosal immune response. References Anderson, J.W., Baird, P., Davis, R.H., Ferreri, S., Knudtson, M., Koraym, A., Waters, V. and Williams, C.L., 2009. Health benefits of dietary fiber.Nutrition reviews,67(4), pp.188-205. Fava, F., Gitau, R., Griffin, B.A., Gibson, G.R., Tuohy, K.M. and Lovegrove, J.A., 2013. The type and quantity of dietary fat and carbohydrate alter faecal microbiome and short-chain fatty acid excretion in a metabolic syndrome at-riskpopulation.International journal of obesity,37(2), pp.216-223. Huang, E.Y., Leone, V.A., Devkota, S., Wang, Y., Brady, M.J. and Chang, E.B., 2013. Composition of dietary fat source shapes gut microbiota architecture and alters host inflammatory mediators in mouse adipose tissue.Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition,37(6), pp.746-754. Jakobsdottir, G., Xu, J., Molin, G., Ahrne, S. and Nyman, M., 2013. High-fat diet reduces the formation of butyrate, but increases succinate, inflammation, liver fat and cholesterol in rats, while dietary fibre counteracts these effects.PloS one,8(11), p.e80476. Mozaffarian, D. and Ludwig, D.S., 2015. The 2015 US dietary guidelines: lifting the ban on total dietary fat.Jama,313(24), pp.2421-2422. Qin, J., Li, Y., Cai, Z., Li, S., Zhu, J., Zhang, F., Liang, S., Zhang, W., Guan, Y., Shen, D. and Peng, Y., 2012. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes.Nature,490(7418), pp.55-60. Ros-Covin, D., Ruas-Madiedo, P., Margolles, A., Gueimonde, M., de los Reyes-Gaviln, C.G. and Salazar, N., 2016. Intestinal short chain fatty acids and their link with diet and human health.Frontiers in microbiology,7. Shen, W., Gaskins, H.R. and McIntosh, M.K., 2014. Influence of dietary fat on intestinal microbes, inflammation, barrier function and metabolic outcomes.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry,25(3), pp.270-280. Suzuki, T., Yoshida, S. and Hara, H., 2008. Physiological concentrations of short-chain fatty acids immediately suppress colonic epithelial permeability.British journal of nutrition,100(02), pp.297-305. Yan, H., Potu, R., Lu, H., de Almeida, V.V., Stewart, T., Ragland, D., Armstrong, A., Adeola, O., Nakatsu, C.H. and Ajuwon, K.M., 2013. Dietary fat content and fiber type modulate hind gut microbial community and metabolic markers in the pig.PLoS One,8(4), p.e59581.

How to Choose the Right Sample LSAT Essay Response

How to Choose the Right Sample LSAT Essay ResponseA LSAT essay test requires a sample LSAT essay responses. This is because the proper essay response is one that give your reader a good idea of what you are writing about, but it also provides specific examples of various things that you may be thinking about. An example will help give you the feel of what it will be like to write an essay on any given topic.Sample LSAT essay responses can come in the form of poems, short stories, or articles. It can also come as part of a full-length book or a college curriculum. When you choose a sample, you should make sure that it is something that is well written and demonstrates how you will write one.Another thing to consider when you choose a sample is that you have read it. If you don't know what it is about, or how it will be used, then you won't get an idea of what the overall book is going to be about.With any sample, you should try to look for things that are similar with the essay that y ou are going to use. You may want to look for the same spelling errors, the same grammar, and the same ideas that you would find in an essay. It will help give you a feel of what you will be using when you write your own LSAT essay.When you are looking for a sample, make sure that it is something that is not too long. If it is too long, you will run out of space to explain yourself, and it will be hard to remember what was in it at all.Always try to find a sample that is easy to understand. With many materials, this means a small font size and not too many bullet points.Make sure that the sample is something that is similar to what you will use in the essay. The best way to do this is to read it first, and make sure that it is something that is easy to understand.The sample that you choose should always tell you how to get started with the actual essay. For example, if you are using a poem sample, you should know how to use rhyme and rhythm to make your poem flow smoothly and add de pth to it. The more examples that you have, the better.

The American Reaction To The Halocaust Essays - Human Rights Abuses

The American Reaction To The Halocaust In the years of the Second World War, American leaders were aware of the plan of the Germans to exterminate all the Jews in Europe, yet they did not act to save them. The attitude in society and the state of the economy in the years leading up to the war made for conditions that did not make saving them likely. Most Germans despised the Weimar Republic, which held control of Germany at the time they signed the Versailles Treaty. This treaty crippled Germany after they lost The First Great War. The proud Germans saw this republic as weak. Adolph Hitler, an Austrian born man of German lineage, claimed that the only true Germans were Aryans and that the Jewish influence in the Weimar Republic was the reason for their weakness. He published a famous propaganda novel entitled Mein Kampf, which helped to catapult him and his political party, the National Socialist German Workers Party, into power. (Barber) Hitlers political position was simple: Germans were always right and the Jews were to blame for everything. After the outbreak of war by all the major powers of the world, Germany immediately turned a major part of their concern towards the extermination of the entire Jewish race. It began with the Einsatzgrupen, a special mobile unit of who moved behind frontline troops in the attacks on Russia and Poland, whose sole purpose was to round up the local Jewish families and kill them. They dug massive graves intended for entire Jewish communities. Their victims were lined up, stripped naked and shot. One reporter observed that not every shot was fatal and the poor civilians were made to suffer in the pits till they were sufficiently buried alive by their own brethren. The first sweep of this unit between January and December of 1941 yielded about 500,000 Jewish deaths. The second rampage, which ranged from the fall of 1941 through 1942, took 900,000 Jewish lives. (Wyman) Even with such massive extermination the German leaders were unsatisfied and demanded a more efficient and permanent answer to the problem. The directive to exterminate all the Jews in Europe was issued on July 31, 1941. In December of that year, a law banning Jews from leaving any German territories was put into effect. Then finally, on January 20, 1942, Reinhard Heydrich came up with what was termed the final solution to the of the Jewish question. He proposed a plan to erect six camps built for killing large numbers of people. The Germans built six such camps in the two years to follow, Belzec, Majdanek, Treblinka, Sobibor, Auschwitz, and Chelmno. Chelmno was the first of the camps to be built. It used large trucks into which they crammed as many Jews as possible who choked on the trucks own exhaust fumes. Most of the other camps had permanent gas chambers, which killed by the fumes of a stationary engine. Although Auschwitz used Zyklon B, a type of hydrogen cyanide. These venues of death were host to over 3 million Jews who lost their lives. (Wyman) The conditions in the camps were so terrible that they drove the poor Jews who lived through it into madness. One such survivor published his experiences in a book entitled Night. Elie Weisel, the books author, reports of conditions so horrible that he lost his faith and his sense of humanity. Weisel and his whole family are shipped to Auschwitz in railcars previously used to transport cattle. They were packed in so tight that many died on the journey. The weak were separated and killed immediately upon entering the camps. This often meant most women and all children. Weisel witnessed a pile where they were burning babies. The strong men who survived were put to work, Elie in an electrical-fitting factory. They were under the constant threat of selections in which the weak and sick were weeded out and put into the gas chambers. The prisoners got their only solace from their faith, Zionism, and the comfort of their fellow prisoners. However, long exposure to camp life often left some concerned only for their personal survival and became cruel and inhuman to the other Jews in the camp. (Weisel) How could the

How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives

How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives How to Test for Hyphenation in Phrasal Adjectives By Mark Nichol One of the most frequent style errors among writers is the omission of one or more hyphens in a phrasal adjective, a phrase consisting of two or more words linked to show that they’re teaming up to modify a noun that follows them. There’s an easy test to help you see that the hyphen is necessary. When you write a phrase consisting of a noun preceded by two words describing the noun, confirm that the first and second word together modify the third, rather than that the second and third words constitute a compound noun modified by the first word. In the following sentence, for example, the latter holds true: â€Å"Indeed, the agency grants authority for community prevention efforts.† Here, â€Å"prevention efforts† is an open compound noun modified by community the sentence does not refer to efforts to prevent community so no hyphen is required. Also, note that not every phrasal adjective requires a hyphen. Many open compound nouns (for example, â€Å"high school,† â€Å"income tax,† and â€Å"real estate†) are so well established that they appear in dictionaries as terms in their own right and do not require hyphenation when they are converted into adjectives to modify a noun (for example, â€Å"high school student,† â€Å"income tax form,† and â€Å"real estate agent†). In a given sentence with a modified noun, ask yourself what kind of thing is being described, then hyphenate accordingly: 1. â€Å"This foundation has a feel good name.† What kind of a name does it have? One designed to make you feel good, not a good name that feels. So, it’s a feel-good name: â€Å"This foundation has a feel-good name.† 2. â€Å"The small Victorian beach town lifted a decades old ban.† What kind of a ban is it? One that has lasted for decades, not an old ban that is decades. So, it’s a decades-old ban: â€Å"The small Victorian beach town lifted a decades-old ban.† 3. â€Å"A truck and a car collided, triggering a seven vehicle crash.† What kind of crash was it? One involving seven vehicles, not a vehicle crash that is seven. So, it’s a seven-vehicle crash: â€Å"A truck and a car collided, triggering a seven-vehicle crash.† 4. â€Å"It’s the Bay Area’s fastest growing town.† What kind of town is it? One that is growing faster than any other, not a growing town that’s fastest. So, it’s the fastest-growing town: â€Å"It’s the Bay Area’s fastest-growing town.† 5. â€Å"The bumps have been causing two hour delays.† What kind of delays are they? Ones lasting two hours, not hour delays that are two. So, they’re two-hour delays: â€Å"The bumps have been causing two-hour delays.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

Political Corruption in Israel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Political Corruption in Israel - Research Paper Example Only recently very reliable sources identified that Israel bagged 30th position out of 178 countries when evaluated in context of corruption rate and even worse results were witnessed when the country was compared to other member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (Dattel and Reuters). Highly irresponsible, unprofessional, and inconsiderate behavior of the politicians has led to prodigious public commotion within the country but unfortunately, the terror game played by atrocious political instigators which is fraught with big risks continues to remain in vogue. This research paper is basically an attempt to discuss what contemporary research evidence has to offer on the reality of political turmoil in Israel and how corruption and debaucheries of the political leaders is negatively interfering with the basis of moral government. Research material presented in the paper will principally focus on the corruption of politicians and influential public officials and how their conduct serves to foster lawlessness in every field of life will also be debated in the paper. Israel is placed in the category of â€Å"Elite Cartel Corruption† by Johnston who analyzed political corruption in association with nature of political agencies and economic liberalization (Shannon). He argues that this specific category involves well-connected networks of social elites who share corrupt advantages in an environment of fierce political competition and enhanced economic liberalization. Such politically powerful figures regularly â€Å"work together to protect and maintain their advantages and stave off the opposition† (Johnston cited in Shannon). This is exactly the style of top Israeli politicians and official moguls who exploit their own people in order to foment their personal wealth and form a channel of corruption by notoriously collaborating among themselves. Lost in their wicked conspiracies, they do not maintain a sincere assoc iation with Israeli public, rather use their political influence to transform state agencies into promising means of personal welfare. Consistent bad ranking exposed by a huge collection of analytical studies has not managed as yet to inculcate a sense of responsibility and awareness in the minds of Israeli politicians. Rather Israel continues to be the poorest, disreputable, and most unreliable member of the OECD and the Western world. Research cites that corruption and fraudulence affairs currently occupy the center of the Israeli political stage (Avnery) with many former powerful political figures including prime ministers and governors awaiting judgments in rape and bribery trials. It is thought to be a matter of great concern by all critics that while many other countries suffering from similar troublesome conditions have shown significant improvements over the past years, corruption in Israel remains unaffected by any reconstructive agendas and continues to successfully genera te political upheaval. There is such explicit austerity in political corruption in Israel that millions of lives have been and continue to be sacrificed to resulting exigencies. The series of outrageous events

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Finance - Essay Example To conduct this purpose commercial banks tend to lend money to private individuals as well as organizations so these individuals and organizations can use this money to make further investments and conduct expenses. Another purpose of such banks is to accept deposits made by individuals and organizations (Viney, 2009, p.50). Commercial banks even conduct several secondary functions which include: creation of credit, funds transfer and services that are general in nature. Sources and Use of Funds The main source of finance for commercial bank which contributes heavily to its cash inflow is deposits. Deposits are regarded as the money that a particular commercial bank’s account holder transfers to the bank for the purpose of safekeeping in order to use this money whenever the account holder needs it. These deposits are added by two kinds of account holders, these include those who have a saving account and who hold a current account. Other than deposits, commercial banks even at tain funds through the act of borrowing money. Commercial banks do not normally borrow money but in order to respond to short term financing needs it borrows money from other banks or they even borrow money through the Federal Reserve (Madura, 2011, p.442). Banks even earn money through by charging for the various services it provides to its account holders from those who have borrowed money. Those who borrow money pay interest which is the return that commercial banks attain for providing the service of borrowing money. Commercial banks even obtain finances by putting up its stock for sale on the stock market; this is mostly done when the bank wants to expand in size. There are different uses of a commercial bank’s funds, they primarily use their funds in order to lend money and this is the main way through which they earn profit for their services. These loans are provided for a particular period of time and the bank charges a fixed rate of interest on these loans and in or der to provide loans, they obtain collateral in shape of property and assets from the borrowers (Viney, 2009, p.60). In most cases the collateral is the asset that is being financed by the commercial bank itself. These loans are provided for the purpose of consumer lending and organizational lending. Another primary use of the funds of banks includes purchase of securities that are short term in nature. Banks even use their funds to conduct activities that are not stated on the balance sheet of the bank. These activities include: forward contracts, standby letter of credit and others. Commercial Banks and Businesses Commercial banks are of great importance to any business or organizations. The main way in which a business uses a commercial bank is that a commercial bank is a source of finance for a business. Both large organizations as well as small and medium sized organizations rely on commercial banks for financial purposes. There are several reasons due to which a business may b orrow money from a particular commercial bank. Businesses obtain loans for the purpose of commercial mortgages, this means that when a business wants to purchase a new building or a factory or any other asset it resort to commercial mortgages. Businesses even obtain loans for the purpose of the purchase of new equipments so the business can obtain equipments and machinery in order to remain competitive in the market (Madura, 2011, p.450). A major reason due to which organizations borrow

How Do You See the World?

How Do You See the World? I was taught early on in life that God is the center of all creation and we should fear Him; for one day we must account for our life. I knew the bible existed, but I never read it. I was told stories out of the bible, but I did not understand the meaning of them. My parents were born, raised and educated through high school in the Catholic faith and neither parent continued on to higher education. My dad joined the Army and was sent to fight in the Vietnam War. My mom became pregnant with me after one year of college. Although neither parent will discuss this era of their life with me, I believe that my parents faced some terrifying events which pulled them away from their faith in God. I grew up in a world of emotional turmoil that would not be conquered until I was in my twenties. To this day, neither parent is close to God; however, I have experienced salvation through Christ. Moreover, my life is much better because of Him. As a survivor of unvarying mental and emotional abuse by my father and of consistent bullying I was subjected to during my teenage years in junior high and high school, currently, I have a tendency to be autonomous and not ask for help in fear that I will be rejected, ridiculed or pushed to the edge. Furthermore, the abuse I endured have long lasting effects such as lack of confidence, shy, withdrawn, confused, unfocused, and low self-esteem. After high school, I began drinking alcohol at parties and experimented with marijuana, not because I enjoyed the feeling, but because I fit in with a group of people I called my friends for the first time in my life. I met and dated my boyfriend for three years, lived in sin and became pregnant. I do not think I have ever admitted this before, but subconsciously, I believe I became pregnant on purpose. I grew up with the viewpoint that I would not bring a child into this cold, cruel, meaningless world with so much violence and disease. As it tu rned out, my daughter was a gift; a chance for me to make a life for me and her. Although I did not marry my daughters father, mostly out of fear that I would end up divorced like my parents, we remain very good friends. While he was studying for his Masters program in college, he developed a personal relationship with Jesus and introduced me to an entirely different world that I grew up knowing. I too, developed a personal relationship with Jesus but it would still be a few more years that I would completely understand what that meant and it would cost me dearly. I continued to live a very sinful life and found myself dating men that treated me just like my father and bullies. I would do anything to win their approval. I just wanted to feel loved. In the year 2000, I met this man who I fell deeply in love with. He was the furthest thing from a Godly man as you could get. In 2002, he would end up stealing everything I owned and leave me to pick up all the pieces once he moved on. I lost my money, car, my house, my job, my friends, and nearly my daughter. I soon realized it was God letting me know that he was not pleased with my choices so he got my attention dramatically. This time, I turned my life over to God completely and asked him to drive and He has not let me down since. Volunteering had always been an escape for me. I volunteered with a youth group in high school so I searched for something meaningful I could do as an adult. The Jaycees, a current volunteer group I have been with since August, 2000 has been one of the single most fulfilling journeys I have ever been on. This international organization has opened my eyes to an entire world of both wonderful and tragic ways. I have had the opportunity to be friends with people I would not have otherwise met. I have helped third world countries by providing food, water, shoes, books, toys and malaria nets. I have helped people in my own community by providing financial assistance, food needs, rides to the hospital for medical needs, etc. All the while helping others, I was actually changing my own worldview. I lost my It is all about me filter and saw the world had bigger problems than mine. I loved Jesus more than anything and questioned the reasons why God allowed such travesty to occur in His world. To do more, I joined a small group through my church and became committed friends with them. In June 2009, I affirmed my relation with Christ for a second time by being baptized, two years later, my daughter affirmed her relation with Christ. Today, I see the world with a completely different set of eyes. Instead of the why me questions with no answers, I pray what can I do to help someone today prayer. I have discovered that I am somebody with value, choices, talent, and that I have an enormous amount of love to give and there is an entire world out there that would graciously accept it. My latest prompt from God was to return to school and discover new talents, make new friends and become educated the proper way. The Lord wants me to explore His world through His eyes which is what led me to the Christian College I am at today. Lord is revealing his plan for me like if it was an onion: only peeling one layer off at a time and as long as my heart and mind are wide open, the future holds amazing things for me.